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1. 1 2020-07-09T19:00:10+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3 Mapping Saluang Jennifer Fraser 19 This map provides a listing of all the places connected with saluang in some way. google_maps 2021-06-23T12:21:19+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3
2. 1 2020-07-10T12:16:34+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3 Place: Padang Pariaman Jennifer Fraser 8 Padang Pariaman is a kabupaten on the central west coast of the province. google_maps 2021-05-30T13:42:49+00:00 -0.6223, 100.28862 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3

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• 1 2021-08-02T19:49:21+00:00 Structure of Pantun 16 Formal features of pantun plain 2021-08-03T20:09:19+00:00 Pantun is a poetic form found throughout the Malay world, which includes the Minangkabau region, some other parts of Sumatra, parts of Java and Kalimantan, and parts of Malaysia.
  
  There are a number of formal features to the poetic structure. The list below represents them according to Minangkabau understandings and applications of the form.   
  1. The lines are eight or nine syllables long. 
  2. They are structured in two equal halves. In saluang, these are referred to as the batang (literally "branch") and isi (literally "content"). In Minang contexts, batang draws on references to the natural environment, specific places, and/or the context of performance. The isi contains the content, which is usually a moralistic or philosophical message. Sometimes, when people quote a pantun, the only include the isi. 
  3. The two halves must having matching rhyme schemes
  4. The length may range. In saluang, there are examples from four to twenty-four lines total. The most "standard" is probably the 4-line version. 
  Let me illustrate with the first pantun I ever learned, which is four lines in total. I present it separate from the song itself, as it could technically be adopted to any tune that can accommodate a four-line pantun.     
  1. Janiah aia talago biru                                               
  2. Nampak dari Koto Malintang
  3. Piliah mamak nan katuju
  4. Bungo sakabun nan kakambang.          

  Syllable Length

  1. Jan/iah ai/a ta/la/go bir/u                                   
  2. Nam/pak dar/i Ko/to Mal/in/tang 
  3. Pil/iah ma/mak nan ka/tu/ju
  4. Bung/o sa/ka/bun nan ka/kam/bang    

  The lines are: 9, 9, 8, and 9 respectively, depending on how you deal with elision of "iah." 

  Formal Structure

  1st half: Batang       

  Janiah aia talago biru
  Nampak dari Koto Malintang             

  2nd half: Isi                    

  Piliah mamak nan katuju
  Bungo sakabun nan kakambang        

  Rhyme Sceme

  Batang

  1. Janiah aia talago biru                                               
  2. Nampak dari Koto Malintang

  Isi

  1. Piliah mamak nan katuju
  2. Bungo sakabun nan kakambang.          

  Scheme

  The rhyme scheme is indicated above with the bold text, which is as follows. 
  a: "u"
  b: "ang"
  a: "u"
  b: "ang"

  Translation and interpretation

  1st half: Batang       

  Janiah aia talago biru
  Nampak dari Koto Malintang             

  2nd half: Isi                    

  Piliah mamak nan katuju
  Bungo sakabun nan kakambang        

  Batang

  Clear water in the blue pond
  Visible from Koto Malintang.
  
  This batang draws on a reference to the natural environment in a specific place. The "talago biru" (blue pond) is a reference to Lake Maninjau, which is visible from the nagari of Koto Malintang.  
  
  
  
  Isi

  Choose wisely uncle from 
  The flowers in the garden. 

  This isi, like all isi, is not thematically connected to the first half. The isi delivers advice using a metaphorical reference, telling the mamak--the maternal uncle, who is historically a more important authority figure over his sister’s children than their own father in the Minangkabau matrilineal system—to choose wisely from the flowers in the garden when picking a bride for his nephew. Here the flower is a metaphor for a young woman. 

  Another Example

  To illustrate the principles, here is a second example which was delivered as part of the song "Pariaman Panjang" at a recording session in 2016 (see this rendition). I heard a variant of it delivered in the same song four days later at a performance in Sariak Laweh, suggesting that it is a pantun baku. This one is twelve lines in length, rather than 4. The rhyme scheme is more complex: abcdef/abcdef. 

  Batang

  1. Manih tabunyo rang Piaman                                        
  2. Dikilang sadiang mandaki                                            
  3. Urek di lingkah layang-layang                                      
  4. Daunnyo banyak nan patah                                         
  5. Patah dek ribuik pagi hari                                            
  6. Sado nan patah lareh juo                          

  Isi

  1. Manangih Gunuang Pasaman                                      
  2. Tambah hanguih Gunuang Marapi                    
  3. Taisak Gunuang Singgalang                                         
  4. Managun aia di lurah                                                     
  5. Cando baniaik kok dak jadi                                            
  6. Ka tau utang awak di namo  

  Translation and Interpretation

  Batang

  The sugar cane of the Pariaman people is sweet
  It’s squeezed while walking
  The roots are sat on by swallows
  The leaves have many that are broken
  Broken by strong wind in the morning
  All that are broken fall off.

  Isi

  Mt. Pasaman is crying
  Mt. Merapi is often smoldering
  Mt. Singgalang sobs
  The water in streams has stopped flowing
  It is like the interest doesn’t come. 
  We already have a name. 
  
  Batang: The batang is relatively descriptive about a place and nature. It talks about the sweetness of sugar cane grown in Pariaman, a way of establishing connection to the place, Pariaman, but also about sugarcane, wind, and birds.
  Isi: The mountains here, which are important landmarks in the Minangkabau region, are a metaphor for people: the father is crying, the mother is crying, the whole family and surrounding community is sobbing. But there is a second layer of metaphorical reference. It is a metaphor for an individual who is romantically interested in someone but the interested party does not reciprocate.
  
  
• 1 2020-07-16T19:14:16+00:00 Song: "Pariaman Panjang" 11 This song is named after the place, the city Pariaman and kabupaten Padang Pariaman. plain 2021-06-30T01:59:09+00:00 -0.62601, 100.12028 Alternative Title: "Piaman Panjang" is the abbreviated title.
  Translation of Title: "Panjang" means "long," "Pariaman" in this title is used to reference the place, the city of Pariaman, along with the style of song. The title translates as "Pariaman is Long."
  Composer: Unknown.
  Type of song: satangah tiang (some might say ratok).
  Genre of origin:
  Place affiliations: 
  • City: Pariaman
  • Kabupaten: Padang Pariaman.
  • Darek or Rantau: Rantau.
  Source: Te E's List of Songs.
  
  Structural Notes: This song is interesting because it has a number of structural flexibilities. These include
  • the use of multiple sections
  • flexible length of pantun. 
  
  
     
• 1 2020-07-16T19:14:16+00:00 Song: "Indang Pariaman Laweh" 8 This song is named after the place, the city Pariaman and kabupaten Padang Pariaman. plain 2021-06-30T22:13:08+00:00 Alternative Title: "Pariaman Laweh;" "Piaman Laweh" is the abbreviated title.
  Translation of Title: "Laweh" means "wide," "Pariaman" in this title is used to reference the place, the city of Pariaman, along with the style of song. The title translates as "Pariaman is Wide."
  Composer: Unknown.
  Explanation: One of the songs part of the Ampek Sajalan suite.
  Type of song: Gembira.
  Genre of origin: Indang.
  Place affiliations: 
  • City: Pariaman.
  • Kabupaten: Padang Pariaman.
  • Darek or Rantau: Rantau.
  Source: Te E's List of Songs.
  
  
  
  
   
• 1 2020-07-16T19:14:05+00:00 Song: "Baburu Babi" 8 This song is affiliated with the place, the city Pariaman and kabupaten Padang Pariaman. plain 2021-06-24T23:54:42+00:00 Translation of Title: "Hunting Wild Pigs."
  Composer: Unknown.
  Type of song: Gembira.
  Genre of origin: New creation.
  Place affiliations: 
  • Kecamatan: Pariaman.
  • Kabupaten: Padang Pariaman.
  • Darek or Rantau: Rantau.
  Source: Martis.
  Description: The concept of the song is about chasing something that is wild. In saluang, the allusion refers to mutual chasing of a young person in which one is interested.
  
• 1 2020-07-16T19:14:16+00:00 Song: "Pariaman Tangguang" 7 This song is named after the place, the city Pariaman and kabupaten Padang Pariaman. plain 2021-06-26T23:54:39+00:00 Alternative Title: "Piaman Tangguang" is the abbreviated title.
  Translation of Title:  "Tangguang" means "approaching," "Pariaman" references the place, the city Pariaman and kabupaten Padang Pariaman, so the title translates as "Approaching Pariaman." 
  Composer: Unknown.
  Type of song: Ratok.
  Genre of origin: Adopted from Rabab Pariaman.
  Place affiliations: 
  • City: Pariaman.
  • Kabupaten: Padang Pariaman.
  • Darek or Rantau: Rantau.
  Source: Te E's List of Songs.
  Description: According to Martis, the pantun can be either pantun muda or pantun perasaian.
  
• 1 2020-07-16T19:14:16+00:00 Song: "Pariaman Lamo" 6 This song is named after the place, the city Pariaman and kabupaten Padang Pariaman. plain 2021-06-30T22:44:50+00:00 Alternative Title: "Piaman Lamo" is the abbreviated title.
  Translation of Title: "Lamo" means "long (time)," "Pariaman" in this title is used to reference the place, the city of Pariaman, along with the style of song. "Pariaman Lamo" means "Pariaman song of long ago."
  Composer: Unknown.
  Type of song: Ratok.
  Place affiliations: 
  • City: Pariaman.
  • Kabupaten: Padang Pariaman.
  • Darek or Rantau: Rantau.
  Source: Mardjani's List of Songs, Martis.
  Description: According to Martis, the pantun for this song are pantun perasaian, either about life or love. He also related that the song has three sections, each with a complete pantun. The first section is called "induak" or mother, the following two sections are called "anak" or children. The vocalists can swtich after a verse.
  
  
  
  
   
• 1 2020-07-16T19:14:17+00:00 Song: "Rambun Malam" 5 One of the suite of 4 songs known as "Ampek Sajalan." plain 2021-05-26T15:29:23+00:00 Translation of Title: "The blossoming of the night"
  Explanation: One of the songs part of the Ampek Sajalan suite.
  Composer: According to Martis, the suite was the creation of an artist from Payokumbuah.
  Type of song: Satangah Tiang.
  Genre of origin: Indang Pariaman.
  Place affiliations: 
  • City: Pariaman.
  • Kabupaten: Padang Pariaman.
  • Darek or Rantau: Rantau.
  
   
• 1 2020-07-16T19:14:09+00:00 Song: "Indang Ramolai" 4 One of the suite of 4 songs known as "Ampek Sajalan." plain 2021-06-25T00:44:34+00:00 Translation of Title: "Indang of Ramolai." "Indang" in the title is used to indicate the style of song, "Ramolai" is the name of a person.
  Explanation: One of the songs part of the Ampek Sajalan suite.
  Composer: Martis identified this as a song created by an artist who lived in Payokumbuah.
  Type of song: Gembira.
  Genre of origin: Indang Pariaman.
  Place affiliations: This song is affiliated with Payokumbuah, because it was created there, but also the place, the city Pariaman and kabupaten Padang Pariaman because the song is affiliated with the genre Indang Pariaman. I consider the second the stronger place affiliation because it was inspired by the musical content of that region. It sounds like a song from Pariaman. 
  • City: Pariaman. 
  • Kabupaten: Padang Pariaman.
  • Darek or Rantau: Rantau.
  Source: Martis.
  
• 1 2020-07-16T19:14:09+00:00 Song: "Indang Pariaman" 4 This song is named after the place, Pariaman, which refers to the city and the kabupaten. plain 2021-06-25T00:40:52+00:00 -0.62601, 100.12028 Alternative Title: "Indang Piaman"
  Translation of Title: "Indang of Pariaman." "Indang" in the title is used to indicate the style of song, "Pariaman" indicates an affiliattion with the place, Pariaman, which could be the city or the kabupaten.
  Composer: Unknown.
  Type of song: Satangah Tiang (Mardjani noted this as gembira.)
  Place affiliations: 
  • Kabupaten: Padang Pariaman.
  • Darek or Rantau: Rantau.
  Source: Te E's List of Songs, Mardjani's List of Songs.
  
• 1 2020-08-05T13:42:56+00:00 Song: "Risaulai" 3 This song is affiliated with the place, city and/or Kabupaten of Pariaman. plain 2020-12-02T03:10:50+00:00 Translation of Title: "Worried Again"
  Composer: Unknown.
  Type of song: Ratok.
  Place affiliations: 
  • City: Pariaman​​​​​​​.
  • Kabupaten: Padang Pariaman.
  • Darek or Rantau: Rantau.
  Source: Mardjani's List of Songs.