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1. 1 2020-12-14T12:06:16+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3 List of Performances Jennifer Fraser 11 List of all performances attended by Jennifer Fraser visual_path 2021-04-29T13:07:50+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3

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1. 1 2020-12-23T13:19:45+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3 Repertoire: Radio Republik Indonesia, September 27, 2004 8 List of Repertoire at Bagurau di Udaro plain 2021-06-22T22:13:39+00:00 Gabriela Linares 93b11788b420aa18884831bc41dd62cbbe2edd8b
2. 1 2021-09-03T20:45:08+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3 Interpretation: Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi, September 27, 2004 1 Page Analyzing Bagurau di Udaro plain 2021-09-03T20:45:08+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3

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1. 1 media/Image_Suayan 2015 cropped2.JPG 2020-12-31T02:48:28+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3 Style: Saluang Klasik Jennifer Fraser 13 Saluang Klasik is the predominant style of saluang involving vocalists and a saluang image_header 2021-05-13T13:30:51+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3
2. 1 2021-04-29T12:53:12+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3 Mapping Performances Jennifer Fraser 4 This map illustrates the locations of performances attended google_maps 2021-04-29T14:00:39+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3

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1. 1 media/Image_Janang at bagurau lapiak.jpeg 2021-02-05T19:02:32+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3 Role: Janang 6 This page explains the role of the janang image_header 2021-06-02T14:53:33+00:00 Jennifer Fraser 404477000adfd4e5c7a1128cfac82e1fc740e8c3

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• 1 2020-07-16T19:14:21+00:00 Song: "Singgalang Alai" 21 This song is part of a sub-category of songs called Singgalang that are named after the place, the nagari and mountain called Singgalang. plain 2021-05-14T11:45:17+00:00 The title of this tune is one of the most contested in saluang. There are two very different tunes that people identify as "Singgalang Alai." I learned this the hard way when I was invited to sing a dendang that I knew at Bagurau di Udaro September 27, 2004. I offered one of my standards, "Singgalang Alai," to Mak Il St. Rajo Endah, the announcer and emcee of the program and my contact at RRI. I had sung this tune at performances before without incident but this time was different. When the tukang saluang, Inyiak Harimau, began this song and Mak Ajis St. Sati delivered his first pantun, I was alarmed: this was not the tune I knew as "Singgalang Alai." I whispered that to Mak Il, but he told me not to worry and just sing what I knew. So I did and the tukang saluang switched songs mid-tune, following me. Mak Ajis then sang a verse of the version I knew after me: clearly he knew this tune, too. Confused, I chatted with Inyiak Harimau during a break. He told me that the practice of calling the song I sang "Singgalang Alai" was newer  (personal conversation). The older convention was to call this tune "Singgalang Induak," as was indeed the title Sri and Pian used at the recording session in 2016. Finally, when I interviewed Ajis St. Sati a couple of months after the Bagurau di Udaro, he told me that the tune I know as "Singgalang Alai" is "Singgalang Gulai Rendang," offering the third title I heard for the same tune. He hummed the tune that he believed should be called "Singgalang Alai" (interview, Bukittinggi, 11/04/2004). 
  
  I am fascinated by this story. Just who was right? It doesn't matter as much to me as the idea that different performers have different practices and knowledge. To me that is the story. What it has complicated, however, is how to refer to the tune on this site. The best ethnographic process is to make sure to honor the titles used by the performers. Therefore, to clarify it's use on this site and to identify the different tunes I will use the terms  "Singgalang Alai [Old]"  for the version than Mak Ajis knows and "Singgalang Alai [New]" for the tune that many others identified as "Singgalang Alai."
  
  Translation of Title: "Singgalang" in the title refers not just to place affiliation but to the category of songs called Singgalang. "Alai" is a neighborhood in Padang.
  Explanation: The tune "Singgalang Alai [New]" or what others call "Singgalang Induak" is often the very first song of a saluang performance, following the Imbauan Saluang and Imbauan Singgalang. It is interesting that a song so key to saluang has such confusion surrounding its title. 
  Composer: Unknown. 
  Type of song: Singgalang.
  Place affiliations: This whole category of song is named after the place, the nagari and mountain called Singgalang.
  • Nagari: Singgalang.
  • Kecamatan: X Koto.
  • Luak: Tanah Data.
  • Darek or Rantau: Darek.

  Source: Mardjani's List of Songs (but it is unclear which tune was designated), Martis (who used the title refer to the tune marked here as "Singgalang Alai [New]").
  
  

• 1 media/Image_Ajis St Sati.jpeg media/Image_Ajis St Sati.jpeg 2020-10-20T18:46:40+00:00 People: Ajis St. Sati 17 Ajis St. Sati was a legendary padendang and composer image_header 2021-03-04T13:26:55+00:00 -0.30028, 100.3612 Novermber 18, 2004 Stage Name: Ajis St. Sati. Ajis is sometimes spelled "Adjis."
  Other Names: 
  Role: Padendang, Composer.  
  Sex: Male. 
  Time Frame: Contemporary figure
  Source: in person encounter in 2004
  Born: 1934 (interview)
  Died: unknown; still active in 2004.  
  Place of Origin: Bukik Apik, Bukittinggi.  
  Place of Residence: Bukittinggi.
  Year started performing: when he was 12 years old, so 1946 (interview). 
  Training: He trained under Djamarih
  Relationships to other performers:
  • He led a group called Ganto Sori. Other members included:
    • Abas St. Pamenan
    • Jahar M. Marajo
    • Rahman St. Basa 
  • According to Ani Aia Angkek (Mardjani 399), he also performed with her. 
  Performances:
  • Performance: Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi, September 27, 2004.
  Interviews: Novermber 18, 2004, with Mak Il St. Rajo Endah.
  
  
  
  Songs composed: 
  List of songs from Agus Taher
  • Alang Tabang
  • Batang Hari
  • Bayang Salido
  • Indang Sari Lamak
  • Lubuak Sao
  • Malereang Tabiang
  • Mudiak Arau
  • Ombak Mamacah
  • Pariaman Kini
  • Randang Kopi
  • Riak Tanjuang Sani
  • Sabai Nan Aluih
  • Sawah Rawang
  • Si Bungsu Babilang Malang
  • Sinar Riau
  • Singgalang Jaya
  • Singgalang Maimbau
  • Siriah Langkok
  • Talago Biru
  • Tanti Batanti
  NEW (https://minangkabauheritageofficial.blogspot.com/2019/06/syahrul-tarun-yusuf-syahrul-tarun-yusuf.html)
  • Alang Tabang
  • Banda Sapuluah
  • Batang Hari
  • Bayang Salido
  • Kelok Sambilan
  • Lubuak Sao
  • Mudiak Arau
  • Ombak Mamacah
  • Randang Kopi
  • Saluang Talago Biru
  • Sinar Riau
  Adjis Sutan Sati with Arman
  • Singgalang Maimbau
  • Tanti Batanti
  Recordings:
  Other notes: He also worked as a bendi driver (Mardjani 391)
  Sources: https://aguslitaher.wordpress.com/2020/01/01/ajis-sutan-sati-pencipta-lagu-dendang-paling-produktif/
• 1 2020-12-18T19:50:13+00:00 Repertoire: Recording Session, February 9, 2004 11 List of Repertoire at Rabab Darek Recording Session plain 2021-06-22T22:14:36+00:00
  
  1. Song: "Singgalang Alai". I assume when the performers were asked to present "Singgalang Alai," they agreed that the tune that went by this title was what I am calling "Singgalang Alai [New]."  
  2. Song: "Singgalang Induak". I recorded the tiniest fraction of a conversation which suggests there was some confusion over titles and tunes, so the performers then presented a tune identified in my notes as "Singgalang Induak," but it should be noted that the variant they produced under this title--or at least what I have labeled as "Singgalang Induak"--is "Singgalang Alai [Old]," the same tune Mak Ajis St. Sati idenitified as "Singgalang Alai" at Bagurau di Udaro in September of that year. From the perspective 17 years later, I wish I had recorded the whole conversation for what insight it might sharing about this naming mystery.  
  3. Song: "Ratok Bonjo"
  4. Song: "Pariaman Lamo"
  5. Song: "Muaro Peti"
  6. Song: "Sirompak Taeh"
  7. Song: "Indang Payokumbuah"
  8. Song: "Indang Batu Balang"
  9. Song: "Tigo Balai"
  10. Song: "Ratok Koto Gadang"
  11. Song: "Suntiang Patah Batikam"
  12. Song: "Sijobang" performed on just rabab
  13. Song: "Muaro Peti" performed on just rabab
• 1 media/Image_Malam Suntuak 7.jpeg 2021-01-02T13:07:06+00:00 People: Mak Il St. Rajo Endah 10 Mak Il was the radio announcer at Bagurau di Udaro image_header 2021-03-04T13:28:05+00:00 -0.296181, 100.368406 Stage Name: Mak Il St. Rajo Endah, or Mak Il for short
  Other Names: Syahril Zainuddin
  Born: 1955
  Role: Announcer at Radio Republik Indonesia, Bukittinggi. He was the organizer of the Monday evening Bagurau di Udaro events and was the primary announcer, like a janang but slightly different. He also organized the monthly malam suntuah, such as Performance: Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi, February 6, 2004. In the image above, he is center picture, with a cigarette in his mouth, counting the takings from the malam suntuak. This role included arranging transport and accommodation if needed for the participants. 
  Sex: Male
  Time Frame: Contemporary Figure
  Source: personal engagement during fieldwork in 2004. 
  Place of Residence: Pasar Pagi Tembok, Bukittinggi
  Performances:  
  • Performance: Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi, January 26, 2004
  • Performance: Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi, September 27, 2004
  Other notes: Mak Il was Jennifer's host in Bukittinggi when she went for nighttime performances affiliated with RRI. Mak Sawir was a fellow guest at least once January 26, 2004, which is when I got to meet him. 
• 1 2020-12-18T19:42:42+00:00 Repertoire: Radio Republik Indonesia, January 26, 2004 9 List of repertoire at Bagurau di Udaro plain 2021-06-29T21:35:04+00:00

  I recorded this performance but there were major technical difficulties (possibly interference with the radio signal) that makes the recording unusable and unlistenable. The timings presented here are purely hypothetical, except to indicate the start of sets, which I did note down. I suspect there were more songs performed than these titles (somewhat akin to the Repertoire: Radio Republik Indonesia, September 27, 2004), but I do not have record of them. 

  1. Introductory Material: Imbauan Saluang
  2. Introductory Material: Imbauan Singgalang
  3. Song: "Singgalang Alai [New]"
  4. Song: "Ratok Pak Bawang"
  5. Song: "Cancang Kambiang" 
  6. Song: "Pariaman Lamo"
  7. Song: "Lubuak Sao"
  8. Song: "Suntiang Patah Batikam" 
  9. Song: "Ramalah Hanyuik" 
  10. Song: "Tanjuang Balik" 
  11. Song: "Guguak Manitik Ameh" 
  12. Song: "Ratok Koto Tuo" 
  13. Song: "Ratok Bonjo" 
  14. Song: "Lawang Lamo"
  This material involved an introduction to the program, reading a series of request, and three sets of dendang. I imagine the set-up was similar to the Bagurau di Udaro I witnessed some months later, where a series of request slips would be read, a set of dendang were delivered, more slips were read before the delivery of the next set. 
• 1 2020-11-20T11:29:28+00:00 People: Herman 6 Herman is a tukang saluang. plain 2021-02-11T21:04:27+00:00 Stage Name: Herman.
  Other Names:
  Role: Tukang Saluang.
  Sex: Male.
  Time Frame: Contemporary Figure
  Source: personal encounter at a performance in 2004. 
  Born:
  Died:
  Place of Origin:
  Place of Residence:
  Year started performing:
  Training:
  Relationships to other performers:
  Performances:
  • Performance: Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi, September 27, 2004.
  Songs composed:
  Recordings:
  Other notes:
• 1 media/Image_Ajis St Sati.jpeg 2021-01-02T13:05:12+00:00 People: Inyiak Harimau 3 Inyiak Harimau is a tukang saluang image_header 2021-02-11T21:22:28+00:00 Stage Name: Inyiak Harimau."Inyiak" means 1) older brother and 2) an ulama, religious leader. It's more likely the first meaning in this instance. "Harimau" means tiger. 
  Other Names:
  Role: Tukang Saluang.
  Sex: Male.
  Time Frame: Contemporary Figure
  Source: personal encounter at a performance in 2004. 
  Born:
  Died:
  Place of Origin: Unknown
  Place of Residence:
  Year started performing:
  Training:
  Relationships to other performers:
  Performances: 
  • Radio Republik Indonesia, Bukittinggi. Bagurau di Udaro, September 27, 2004
  Songs composed:
  Recordings:
  Other notes:

This page references:

• 1 media/Image_Ajis St Sati.jpeg media/Image_Ajis St Sati.jpeg 2020-10-20T18:46:40+00:00 People: Ajis St. Sati 17 Ajis St. Sati was a legendary padendang and composer image_header 2021-03-04T13:26:55+00:00 -0.30028, 100.3612 Novermber 18, 2004
• 1 media/Image_Suayan 2015 cropped2.JPG 2020-12-31T02:48:28+00:00 Style: Saluang Klasik 13 Saluang Klasik is the predominant style of saluang involving vocalists and a saluang image_header 2021-05-13T13:30:51+00:00
• 1 media/Image_Malam Suntuak 7.jpeg 2021-01-02T13:07:06+00:00 People: Mak Il St. Rajo Endah 10 Mak Il was the radio announcer at Bagurau di Udaro image_header 2021-03-04T13:28:05+00:00 -0.296181, 100.368406
• 1 2020-07-10T12:16:34+00:00 Place: RRI Bukittinggi 4 This is the state-run radio station, Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Bukittinggi, or Republic of Indonesia Radio, Bukittinggi. google_maps 2021-04-29T13:08:37+00:00 -0.31898, 100.38478
• 1 media/Image_Ajis St Sati.jpeg 2021-01-02T13:05:12+00:00 People: Inyiak Harimau 3 Inyiak Harimau is a tukang saluang image_header 2021-02-11T21:22:28+00:00